Initiative for Humanities and Culture Bulletin for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

United States honorary society and policy research middle

American Academy of Arts and Sciences

American Academy of Arts and Sciences logo
Abridgement	AAA&South
Formation	May 4, 1780 (1780-05-04); 241 years ago
Type	Honorary club and independent research center
Headquarters	Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.Southward.
Membership	more than 5,700 active members, across the United states and around the world
Website	www.amacad.org

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abridgement: AAA&S) is ane of the oldest learned societies in the United states. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin,^[1] Andrew Oliver, and other Founding Fathers of the Us.^[ii] It is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Membership in the academy is achieved through a thorough petition, review, and election process.^[3] The university's quarterly journal, Dædalus, is published past MIT Printing on behalf of the academy.^[four] The academy also conducts multidisciplinary public policy inquiry.^[5]

History [edit]

The Academy was established by the Massachusetts legislature on May iv, 1780, charted in social club "to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, accolade, nobility, and happiness of a gratis, independent, and virtuous people."^{[half dozen]} The 60-ii incorporating fellows represented varying interests and loftier continuing in the political, professional, and commercial sectors of the state. The showtime form of new members, called past the University in 1781, included Benjamin Franklin and George Washington as well every bit several international honorary members. The initial volume of Academy Memoirs appeared in 1785, and the Proceedings followed in 1846. In the 1950s, the Academy launched its journal Daedalus, reflecting its commitment to a broader intellectual and socially-oriented plan.^[7]

Since the second half of the twentieth century, contained research has become a fundamental focus of the Academy. In the late 1950s, arms control emerged equally ane of its signature concerns. The Academy too served as the catalyst in establishing the National Humanities Center in Due north Carolina. In the late 1990s, the Academy adult a new strategic plan, focusing on 4 major areas: scientific discipline, applied science, and global security; social policy and education; humanities and culture; and teaching. In 2002, the University established a visiting scholars programme in association with Harvard University. More than than 75 bookish institutions from across the country have become Affiliates of the University to support this program and other University initiatives.^[8]

The Academy has sponsored a number of awards and prizes,^[9] throughout its history and has offered opportunities for fellowships and visiting scholars at the Academy.^[ten]

In July 2013, the Boston Globe exposed then president Leslie Berlowitz for falsifying her credentials, faking a doctorate, and consistently mistreating her staff.^[eleven] Berlowitz later resigned.^{[12] [13]}

Projects [edit]

The Humanities Indicators [edit]

A project of the Academy that equips researchers, policymakers, universities, foundations, museums, libraries, humanities councils, and other public institutions with statistical tools for answering basic questions most primary and secondary humanities education, undergraduate and graduate didactics in the humanities, the humanities workforce, levels and sources of program funding, public understanding and impact of the humanities, and other areas of business organization in the humanities community.^{[fourteen] [15] [sixteen] [17]} Information technology is modeled on the Science and Technology Indicators, published biennially by the National Science Board as required past Congress.

Membership [edit]

Founding members [edit]

Charter members of the Academy were John Adams, Samuel Adams, John Bacon, James Bowdoin, Charles Chauncy, John Clarke, David Cobb, Samuel Cooper, Nathan Cushing, Thomas Cushing, William Cushing, Tristram Dalton, Francis Dana, Samuel Deane, Perez Fobes, Caleb Gannett, Henry Gardner, Benjamin Guild, John Hancock, Joseph Hawley, Edward Augustus Holyoke, Ebenezer Hunt, Jonathan Jackson, Charles Jarvis, Samuel Langdon, Levi Lincoln, Daniel Trivial, Elijah Lothrup, John Lowell, Samuel Mather, Samuel Moody, Andrew Oliver, Joseph Orne, Theodore Parsons, George Partridge, Robert Treat Paine, Phillips Payson, Samuel Phillips, John Pickering, Oliver Prescott, Zedekiah Sanger, Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant, Micajah Sawyer, Theodore Sedgwick, William Sever, David Sewall, Stephen Sewall, John Sprague, Ebenezer Storer, Caleb Strong, James Sullivan, John Bernard Sweat, Nathaniel Tracy, Cotton Tufts, James Warren, Samuel W, Edward Wigglesworth, Joseph Willard, Abraham Williams, Nehemiah Williams, Samuel Williams, and James Winthrop.

Members [edit]

From the starting time, the membership, nominated and elected by peers, has included not only scientists and scholars, simply also writers and artists as well as representatives from the full range of professions and public life. Throughout the Academy's history, 10,000 fellows have been elected, including such notables as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John James Audubon, Joseph Henry, Washington Irving, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Willa Cather, T. Due south. Eliot, Edward R. Murrow, Jonas Salk, Eudora Welty, and Duke Ellington.

International honorary members take included Jose Antonio Pantoja Hernandez, Albert Einstein,^[xviii] Leonhard Euler, Marquis de Lafayette, Alexander von Humboldt, Leopold von Ranke, Charles Darwin, Otto Hahn, Jawaharlal Nehru, Pablo Picasso, Liu Guosong, Lucian Michael Freud, Luis Buñuel, Galina Ulanova, Werner Heisenberg, Alec Guinness, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Menahem Yaari, Yitzhak Apeloig, Zvi Galil, Haim Harari, and Sebastião Salgado.^[nineteen]

Astronomer Maria Mitchell was the first woman elected to the Academy, in 1848.^[twenty]

The electric current membership encompasses over 5,700 members based across the U.s. and effectually the globe. Academy members include more 250 Nobel laureates and more lx Pulitzer Prize winners.^[21]

Of the University'due south xiv,343 members since 1780, 1,406 are or have been affiliated with Harvard Academy, 611 with the Massachusetts Institute of Engineering, 433 with Yale Academy, 425 with the University of California, Berkeley, and 404 with Stanford University. The following table includes those institutions affiliated with 300 or more members.^[22]

Establishment	Members (1780-2021)
Harvard	one,406
MIT	611
Yale	433
Berkeley	425
Stanford	404
Chicago	367
Columbia	344
Princeton	322

† Excludes members affiliated exclusively with associated national laboratories.

Classes and sections [edit]

The electric current membership is divided into five classes and xx-iv sections.^[23]

Course I – Mathematical and physical sciences

• Section 1. Mathematics, applied mathematics and statistics
• Section two. Physics
• Section 3. Chemistry
• Section iv. Astronomy (including astrophysics) and earth scientific discipline
• Department 5. Engineering sciences and technologies
• Section half dozen. Informatics (including bogus intelligence and information technologies)

Class Two – Biological sciences

• Section 1. Biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology
• Section ii. Cellular and developmental biology, microbiology and immunology (including genetics)
• Department iii. Neurosciences, cognitive sciences, and behavioral biology
• Section 4. Evolutionary and population biological science and ecology
• Department 5. Medical sciences (including physiology and pharmacology), clinical medicine, and public health

Class III – Social sciences

• Section 1. Social and developmental psychology and pedagogy
• Department 2. Economics
• Section 3. Political science, international relations, and public policy
• Department 4. Law (including the do of law)
• Department 5. Archeology, anthropology, folklore, geography and demography

Class IV – Arts and humanities

• Department 1. Philosophy and religious studies
• Section 2. History
• Department 3. Literary criticism (including philology)
• Section 4. Literature (fiction, poetry, brusk stories, nonfiction, playwriting, screenwriting and translation)
• Section 5. Visual arts and performing arts – criticism and practise

Class V – Public affairs, business, and administration

• Section i. Journalism and communications
• Department 2. Business, corporate and philanthropic leadership
• Section 3. Educational, scientific, cultural and philanthropic assistants

Presidents, 1780–present [edit]

• 1780–1790 James Bowdoin
• 1791–1814 John Adams
• 1814–1820 Edward Augustus Holyoke
• 1820–1829 John Quincy Adams
• 1829–1838 Nathaniel Bowditch
• 1838–1839 James Jackson, Thou.D.^[24]
• 1839–1846 John Pickering^[25]
• 1846–1863 Jacob Bigelow
• 1863–1873 Asa Grayness
• 1873–1880 Charles Francis Adams
• 1880–1892 Joseph Lovering
• 1892–1894 Josiah Parsons Cooke
• 1894–1903 Alexander Agassiz
• 1903–1908 William Watson Goodwin
• 1908–1915 John Trowbridge
• 1915–1917 Henry Pickering Walcott
• 1917–1919 Charles Pickering Bowditch
• 1919–1921 Theodore William Richards
• 1921–1924 George Foot Moore
• 1924–1927 Theodore Lyman
• 1927–1931 Edwin Bidwell Wilson
• 1931–1933 Jeremiah D. Thou. Ford
• 1933–1935 George Howard Parker
• 1935–1937 Roscoe Pound
• 1937–1939 Dugald C. Jackson
• 1939–1944 Harlow Shapley
• 1944–1951 Howard Mumford Jones
• 1951–1954 Edwin Herbert Land
• 1954–1957 John Ely Burchard
• 1957–1961 Kirtley Fletcher Mather
• 1961–1964 Hudson Hoagland
• 1964–1967 Paul A. Freund
• 1967–1971 Talcott Parsons
• 1971–1976 Harvey Brooks
• 1976–1979 Victor Frederick Weisskopf
• 1979–1982 Milton Katz
• 1982–1986 Herman Feshbach
• 1986–1989 Edward Hirsch Levi
• 1989–1994 Leo Beranek
• 1994–1997 Jaroslav Pelikan
• 1997–2000 Daniel C. Tosteson
• 2000–2001 James O. Freedman
• 2001–2006 Patricia Meyer Spacks
• 2006–2009 Emilio Bizzi
• 2010–2013 Leslie C. Berlowitz
• 2014–2018 Jonathan Fanton
• 2019– David W. Oxtoby

See also [edit]

• American Philosophical Gild
• National Academy of Engineering
• National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine)
• National University of Sciences
• List of American Academy of Arts and Sciences members

References [edit]

1. ^ Kershaw, Thousand. East. (2014). American University of arts and sciences. In Chiliad. Spencer (Ed.),The Bloomsbury encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment. London, UK: Bloomsbury.
2. ^ "Yale Faculty Named to American Academy of Arts and Sciences". Yale University. May four, 2004. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. Retrieved Apr 21, 2012.
3. ^ "Academy Bylaws – American University of Arts & Sciences". Archived from the original on June two, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
4. ^ "About the University". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved September xi, 2012.
5. ^ "Our Work". American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
6. ^ "Charter of Incorporation". American University of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on Jan three, 2011. Retrieved Apr 21, 2012.
7. ^ "Gale Encyclopedia of US History: American University of Arts and Sciences".
8. ^ "Visiting Scholars Program". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on Baronial 30, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
9. ^ "Prizes". American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
10. ^ "Fellowships". American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
11. ^ "Leader of Cambridge'south prestigious Academy of Arts and Sciences inflated resume, falsely claiming doctorate – The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com.
12. ^ Embattled caput of American Academy of Arts and Sciences resigns after questions about resume – Metro. The Boston Earth (July 26, 2013). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
13. ^ Academy loses a tireless advocate of arts, sciences – Letters. The Boston Earth (July 30, 2013). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
14. ^ Humanities Indicators.
15. ^ Chronicle of Higher Education, "First National Picture of Trends in the Humanities Is Unveiled," January seven, 2009.
16. ^ "A New Humanities Report Card," September 4, 2013.
17. ^ "The State of the Humanities: Funding 2014" (PDF). humanitiesindicators.org.
18. ^ "Albert Einstein". American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
19. ^ "Mr. Sebastiao Ribeiro Salgado". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 13, 2014. ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
20. ^ "She is an Astronomer" Maria Mitchell.
21. ^ "Hillary Rodham Clinton, Tyler Jacks, Andre Previn, and Melinda F. Gates Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences". American University of Arts and Sciences. April 17, 2012.
22. ^ "Member Directory". www.amacad.org . Retrieved December xiv, 2021.
23. ^ "Newly Elected Members, Apr 2014" (PDF).
24. ^ Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll, Memoir of Nathaniel Bowditch, Charles C. Little and James Brown, 1840. Cf. p.138
25. ^ White, Daniel Appleton, "Eulogy on John Pickering, LL. D., President of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences", eulogy delivered to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, October 28, 1846; published in Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5.3

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol 1, 1783
• Proceedings of the American University of Arts and Sciences, Vol.i (1846) – Vol.57 (1922) at Biodiversity Heritage Library

Coordinates: 42°22′51″N 71°06′37″W  /  42.380755°Due north 71.110256°Westward  / 42.380755; -71.110256

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences

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